Hot Reload in Flutter

What is Hot Reload in Flutter?

Hot Reload is a Flutter feature that allows you to apply code changes instantly to a running application without restarting it. Flutter injects the updated Dart code into the running Dart VM and rebuilds the widget tree while preserving the current app state (such as navigation, scroll position, or form input).

This makes Hot Reload one of the most popular Flutter features.

Why does Hot Reload matter in Flutter app development?

Hot Reload significantly speeds up development by:

• Enabling rapid UI iteration.
• Reducing rebuild time.
• Making layout experimentation easier.

For UI-heavy Flutter apps, this short feedback loop is a major productivity gain.

How does Hot Reload work?

Hot Reload works by:

• Updating changed Dart source code.
• Rebuilding affected widgets.
• Keeping existing State objects in memory.

Because the app is not restarted, updates appear almost instantly.

Example of a Hot Reload–friendly change:

Text(
  'Hello Flutter',
  style: TextStyle(color: Colors.blue),
);

Hot Reload vs. Hot Restart

Understanding the difference between Hot Reload and Hot Restart is essential when developing Flutter applications:

Hot Reload

Key characteristics:

• Preserves the current application state
• Rebuilds the widget tree
• Extremely fast

Hot Restart

Key characteristics:

• Clears the current application state
• Reruns main()
• Calls initState() again
• Slower, but more reliable

Use Hot Reload for most development tasks, especially UI changes and small logic updates. If changes do not appear after a Hot Reload, or if the app behaves inconsistently, perform a Hot Restart to fully reset the application state.

When does Hot Reload not work?

Hot Reload has important limitations. It does not apply changes when you modify:

• main() function
• initState()
• Global variables
• Enum definitions
• Widget type (Stateless ↔ Stateful)
• Native Android or iOS code

In these cases, Hot Restart or a full restart is required.

pubspec.yaml and assets (critical warning)

Changes to pubspec.yaml are not picked up by Hot Reload. This includes:

• Adding dependencies
• Registering assets (images)
• Adding fonts

After editing pubspec.yaml, you must fully stop the app and run it again. A Hot Restart is usually not enough. Otherwise, you may see errors like "Asset not found".

Common mistakes to avoid

Before listing specific issues, it is important to understand that most Hot Reload "problems" are not bugs. They are expected behavior based on how Flutter works internally. Below are the most common causes of confusion:

• App running in Release mode
• Changes made in pubspec.yaml
• Switching between StatelessWidget and StatefulWidget
• Code inside initState() not updating
• Overuse of const preventing rebuilds
• Flutter Web browser caching changes

Although Hot Reload works on Flutter Web, a Hot Restart is often required to properly refresh the application. In some cases, a manual browser refresh may also be necessary.

When should you use Hot Reload?

Use Hot Reload when making iterative changes to the UI layer of your Flutter application. This includes:

• Adjusting layout, colors, fonts, padding, or margins.
• Reordering, adding, or removing widgets.
• Tweaking widget composition without altering the underlying app state.
• Experimenting with visual styles or theming to see immediate results.

Hot Reload preserves the current app state, so you can see changes instantly without restarting the app. It is particularly effective for rapid prototyping, debugging UI, or iterating on small visual adjustments during development.

Note: Hot Reload does not automatically pick up new assets or changes in pubspec.yaml. If you add a new image, font, or modify asset paths, you will need at least a Hot Restart. Changes to native platform files (e.g., AndroidManifest.xml or Info.plist) require a full rebuild.

When should you not rely on Hot Reload?

Hot Reload should not be relied upon for scenarios involving application state initialization or startup logic, because it does not fully restart the app:

• Debugging main() initialization code, service setup, or global state
• Testing platform channel integration or plugin initialization
• Measuring performance metrics or profiling frame rendering
• Applying changes to static variables, const constructors, or final fields, as Hot Reload does not always re-execute these

For these cases, use Hot Restart or fully rebuild the app to ensure all state and initialization code runs from scratch. This guarantees that changes affecting startup behavior, assets, or performance are applied correctly.